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FIRST BOOK OF GEOGRAPHY/ 


CONNECTED WITH 


SPELLING, READING AND WRITING; 


\ 


B Y H. L. B A R N UM. 


BOSTON: 

CARTER, IIENDEE AND CO. 
1833. 



ILLUSTRATED BY 

THIRTY MAPS, AND MANY OTHER ENGRAVINGS, 

FOR SCHOOLS AND FAMILIES. 





CONTENTS 


PART FIRST. 


Page. 

Suggestions to Parents and Teachers, .... 3 


State of Vermont,.4 

“ “ New-Hampshire,. 6 

“ “ Maine,. 8 

“ “( Massachusetts,.10 

“ “ Connecticut,.14 

“ “ Rhode-Island,.15 

“ “ Nevv-York,.16 

“ “ Ohio,.20 

“ “ Indiana, .24 

“ “ Illinois,.26 

“ “ Missouri, .26 

“ “ Kentucky,.27 

“ “ Tennessee,.29 

“ Louisiana,.31 

“ “ Mississippi,.31 


“ “ Alabama, .3*2 

“ “ Georgia, .33 

“ “ South-Carolina,.34 

‘f “ Nortli-Carolina,.35 

“ “ Virginia, .36 

“ “ Maryland,.39 

“ “ Delaware, .49 

“ “ Pennsylvania, .41 

“ “ New-Jersey, .43 

Territory of Michigan,.25 

“ “ Arkansas,.30 

, “ “ Florida,.32 

District of Columbia,.37 

Names of the States according to their grand di¬ 
visions, .43 

United States collectively,.41 


PART SECOND, OR THE REVIEW. 


Vermont,.46 

New-Hampshire, .47 

Maine,.. . 48 

Massachusetts, .49 

(’onnecticut and Rhode-Island,..50 

Now-York,.. 51 

Ohio, . . . ’. ..52 

Indiana, Michigan, Illinois, and iVIlssouri, . . 53 

Kentucky and Tennessee, . .' . . . . '. .54 


Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, 

' Florida, and Georgia,.55 

South-Carolina, North-Carolina, and Virginia, .56 
District of Columbia, Maryland, and Delaware, . .57 

Pennsylvania and New-.fersey,.58 

United States and Territories, with their Capi¬ 
tals, .69 

Names of the States abbreviated according to the 
General Post-Office regulation,.60 


EMBELLISHMENTS. 


PART FIRST. 


Map of Vermont, - -- -- -- -- -- 4 
“ “ New-IIampshire, - -- -- -- - 6 

“ “ Maine, - -- -- -- -- -- -8 
“ “ Massachusetts, - -- -- -- - 10 

“ “ Connecticut and R,hode-Island, - - - 14 

“ “ New-York, - -- -- -- -- -16 

‘ “ Ohio, -. ----20 

‘ “ Indiana, Michiiran, Illinois and Missouri, 24 
“ Kentucky and Tennessee, ----- 27 
“ “ Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Ala¬ 
bama, Florida, and Georgia, - - - .30 
“ “ S. Carolina, N. Carolina, and Virginia, - 34 
“ District of Columbia, ------ 37 


“ “ Maryland and Delaware, ----- 39 

“ “ Pennsylvania and New-Jersey, - - - 41 
“ “ United States collectively, - - - - - 41 
View of the State-House in Boston, - - - - 11 
“ “ “ City of Boston, - -- -- --12 

“ “ “ City of New-York, ----- 17 

a tt u City-Hall in New-York, - - - - H 

“ “ a Rail-Road, Car, and Locomotive 

Engine, - -- -- -- -is 
“ “ “ Canal, Aqueduct, Boat, <fcc., - - 19 

“ “ Cincinnati Landing, ------ 22 

“ “ the State-House in Richmond, - - 33 

“ “ “ Capitol of the United Slates, - - 38 


PART SECOND. 


Reviewing Map of Vermont, - - - . - - 46 

“ “ New-Hampshire, - -- -- -- -47 
“ “ Maine, - -- -- -- -- -- -48 
“ Massachusetts, - -- -- -- -49 
“ Connecticut and Rhode-Island, - - - 50 
“ New-York, - -- -- -- -- -51 

“ “ Ohio, -. ------52 

“ “ Indiana, Illinois,Michigan and Missouri, 53 


(( 

(( 

(C 


“ Kentucky and Tennessee, - - - - - 54 


“ “ Arkansas Territory, Louisiana, Missis¬ 
sippi, Alabama, Florida, and Georgia, .55 
“ “ Virginia, North and South-Carolina, - 56 

“ “ District of Columbia, Maryland, and 

Delaware, - -- -- -- -- .57 
“ “ Pennsylvania and New-Jersey, - - - 58 

“ “ United States collectively, - - - - 59 



Entered according to act of Congress, in the year 1832, 
BY 11. L. BARNUM, 
in the Clerk’s Office, of the District Court of Massachusetts. 







































































SUGGESTIONS TO PARENTS AND TEACHERS. 


I 

In commencing the study of this book, the instructer should make some introductory 
remarks like the following : 

This book gives an account of the travels of Little John. The stories here printed are the 
same that he told to the children who were with him when he passed through the United 
States the second time. Sometimes the children asked questions and Little John answered 
them, as you may see in the reading lessons. We will see where he travelled through our 
state. 

[Here turn to the map of the state in which the pupils reside, and follow the course pre¬ 
scribed below in the order there mentioned. These rules should be strictly-adhered to.] 

First. Show the scholars where the town in which they live is situated. If it is not 
marked on the map, point out its location, and tell them it could not be placed on the map, 
as none but the largest Towns, Rivers, &c. are there represented. 

Second. Lead them to the nearest town marked on the map, and follow the road to the 
point where boys are represented, as at St. Albans, Vermont, page 4; Keene, New-Hamp- 
shire, page 6; Newburyport, IMassachusetts, page 10, &c. 

Third. Attend to the lesson relating to the state in which the pupils reside, and require 
them to learn that well before they study any other. 

Fourth. Turn to the map of Vermont on the fourth page and attend to the states in rota¬ 
tion, as the maps are presented throughout the book in the following manner. 

First. — Reading. Require the scholar to find, on the map, every place referred to, as 
soon as he has read a description of it. The main object of this book is to impart a knowl¬ 
edge of an outline of the Geography of the United States, and the rule here given caimot 
receive too strict attention. 

In forming the reading matter the author endeavored to give a description of places in 
children’s language," in order to make it plain and familiar. In doing this, no attention could 
be paid to grammar, or to a finished style of writing. This book is. designed for very young 
children w'ho know nothing about grammar, and therefore the matter is given in their own 
style, just as they talk. It will be time to cultivate their taste in grammar when their minds 
become sufficiently matured to understand it. 

Second. —Writing. The words printed in writing letters are"intended for the scholar 
to copy. As soon as he has written each name he should find on the map the place to which 
it refers. Let this he attended to in every case with care, for it is very important in teaching 
the location of places. 

Third. — Spelling. Supply each pupil with a slate and pencil; and while their books 
are closed, read aloud, in a distinct pronunciation, the words contained in the lesson under the 
spelling head, giving time for every pupil to write each word. This may be ascertained by 
turning their slates in a vertical position as soon as the word is written. When every scholar 
in the class has completed the whole paragraph, the errors may be marked by the teacher or 
the monitor, and the slates returned to the pupil for correction. 

A paragraph from the reading matter may be selected for spelling in the same vray, when 
it is deemed advisable by the teacher. 

Enough of numeration is included in the spelling lessons, by the numerical figures, to keep 
up a review of that branch. Thus all the branches which are contained in The Child’s 
First, Second, and Third Looks, are continued in this. / 

Directions for studying the second part are given on page 45. 




3 



FIRST BOOK OF GEOGRAPHY. 

PART FIRST. 


STATE OF VERMONT. 



1. Little John the Traveller speaks. 
Oh! I am very glad to meet you at 
St. Albans. I have just crossed Lake 
Champlain Avith my little fellow travel¬ 
lers, to go with you through the state 
of Vermont I travelled through Ver¬ 


mont once, and made a map of it. 
You can see the very places that I 
visited and marked on the map. I 
can tell you a great many interesting 
stories about my travels. 

2. William. John, it is a curious 















FIRST BOOK OF GEOGRAPHY. 


5 


road from St. Albans to Irasburg. Is 
it not very rough ? 

3. Little John. Yes, and that is 
what I made the black shaded line on 
the map for. It represents the Green 
Mountains. 

4. George. Where did you go from 
Irasburg ? 

5. Little John. I crossed over 
another range of the Green Moun¬ 
tains to Guildhall, on tlie Connecticut 
river, as you may see from the map. 
I stayed at Guildhall one night, and 
the next day went through Danville 
over the eastern range of the Green 
Mountains to Montpelier, the capital 
of Vermont. 

G. Henry. What do you mean by 
the word capital 1 

7. Little John. The capital of a 
state is the place where the members 
of the legislature meet to make laws 
for the people who live in that state.^ 
I stayed at Montpelier one day to look 
around the village. 

8. The next day you could have 
seen me winding my way between the 


mountains west of Montpelier down 
Onion river to Burlington, where I 
arrived in time to see the steam-boat 
on Lake Champlain. I did not like 
to leave Burlington, for it is a very 
handsome village; but I had to keep 
moving, with Mink, my little black 
dog, for he was all the company I had 
at that time. 

9. From Burlington I travelled up 
Lake Champlain to Middlebury, where 
I saw Middlebury College and many 
extensive marble factories. I have 
marked it on the map. 

10. You may see from the road, that 
I crossed the Green Mountains again 
to Chelsea and Windsor. 

11. From Windsor I went to Rut¬ 
land and then down through Manches¬ 
ter to Bennington. 

12. Bennington is situated on a hill 
in the south-west part of the state, as 
you can see from the map. 

13. I did not like to cross the moun¬ 
tains again, but had to go over to New- 
Fane and down to the Connecticut 
river. 


. WRITING 


j(S 6 C /?24 

SPELLING. 


The length of Vermont, from Massachusetts to Lower Canada, is about 
160 miles. Its average width is not far from GO. Its shape is something like 
an open fan with the handle pointing south. 


1 * 



6 


FIRST BOOK OF GEOGRAPHY. 



• READING. 


1. Little John the Traveller speahs. 
Children, we will go through the state 
of New-Hampshire together. 

2. The little boys who are on the 
road near Keene, have travelled with 
me several days, and will go with us 
through New-Hampshire. I have got 


quite familiar with William, George, 
and Henry. They are good boys, 
and pay strict attention to my de¬ 
scription of places.’ Keene is a 
beautiful town, containing several fac¬ 
tories. 

3. From' Keene I went to Charles- 













FIRST BOOK OF GEOGRAPHY. 


7 


town, a village about twenty-five miles 
north-west of Keene. It is on the 
Connecticut river. I was in Charles¬ 
town last year, when I had no compa¬ 
ny except Mink, my little black dog, 
but I was well employed in drawing a 
map of my travels, which I have put 
.oil the opposite page. I am now 
goi^g to show you just where I went 
after I came over the Connecticut 
river to Keene and up to Charles¬ 
town. 

4. Peter. Did you make those 
two straight lines running east from 
Charlestown, to represent the road you 
travelled ? 

5. Little John. Yes, that is the 
very road which little Mink and I fol¬ 
lowed to Concord. When I arrived at 
Concord I found a great many mem¬ 
bers of the Legislature in the village. 
They were there making laws for the 
people ofNew-Hampshire, for Concord 
is the capital of New-Hampshire. 

6. After staying in Concord one 
night, I went down south to Amherst. 
From Amherst I crossed over the 
Merrimack river and went to Ports- 
*mouth, as you may see from my road 
on the map. 

7. Francis. John, what does the 
shaded part of the map near Ports¬ 
mouth represent 1 

8. Littlejohn. It represents apart 


of the sea or ocean, which you will 
have a better view of by and by. 
Portsmouth is much larger than any 
other town in New-Hampshire. 

9. Joseph. John, how did you get 
across the harbor or bay ,at Ports¬ 
mouth ? 

10. Little John. I sailed across in 
a boat, and went up to Dover. At 
Dover I saw the water dashing over 
the rocks in Cocheco river in a furious 
manner, and I found the people had 
taken advantage of the fall of water, 
for there were inanyTactories on the 
bank of the river. I saw a great ma¬ 
ny at work in the cotton factories, and 
some in the iron works. Dover has 
grown very fast since I first saw it a 
few years ago. 

11. After I left Dover I found a 
very rough road. Little Mink could 
beat me climbing over the hills ; but I 
had to go slow, to make a map of the 
road which runs from Dover to Haver¬ 
hill. 

12. Hiram. What are those little 
shaded bodies on each side of the 
road ? 

13. Little John. They represent 
lakes, and beautiful ones they are too. 

14. I did not stay long at Haver¬ 
hill, but went on to Lancaster, and ' 
from there across the White Moun¬ 
tains to Maine. 


WTtITING 


^onccrc/j, 

S&&?ica)ler. 

SPELLING. 

New-Hampshire is shaped much like Vermont. Its form resembles an 
open fan, with the handle towards the north. This state contains nearly 
10,000 square miles of land, and is but a very little less than Vermont in dimen¬ 
sions 



8 


FIRST BOOK OF GEOGRAPHY. 


STATE OF MAINE. 



READING. 


1. Little John the Traveller speaks. 
Well, children, we did not like to go 
through the state of Maine without 
you, and therefore waited at Paris. 

2. I have been telling these children 
about my travels, and will now show 


you where I once travelled in the state 
of Maine. 

3. The first day after I left Paris, I 
went across the Androscoggin river to 
Norridgewock, on the Kennebec river. 

4. From Norridgewock I travelled 












FIRST BOOK OF GEOGRAPHY. 


9 


in a southern direction to Augusta on 
the same river, as you can see by the 
map. 

Since I visited Augusta the first 
time, the people have built a beautiful 
State-house there, and made it the 
capital of the state of Maine. 

5. Nathaniel. John, we are quite 

impatient to go on and see the other 
places you visited, and hear you tell 
about them. Where did you go from 
Augusta 1 ' 

6. Little John. I travelled over 
the hills in a north-eastern direction 
to Bangor on the Penobscot river, as 
you can see from the map. 

7. There were several sloops lying 
at the wharves in Bangor, loaded with 
boards and shingles, which the sailors 
were going to take to Boston. 

8. From Bangor I went limping 
along over the hills in an eastern 
direction, and it was not until long 
after dark when I, arrived at Eastport. 
Eastport is correctly named, for it is 
further east than any other port in the 
state of Maine. 

9. Horace. John, what do you 
mean by the word port ? 

10. Little John. It means a har¬ 
bor, or any other place where vessels 
come in to discharge their cargo and 
get freight. Cargo means any kind 
of loading for vessels. Freight is the 
same thing.' 

11. Augustus. John, why did you 
not go up into the north part of Maine ? 


12. Little John. Because that is 
a wild country, a great part of it being 
covered with wood, and I did not like 
to go into the woods, so far from the 
improved parts of the state. 

13. After getting well rested in 
Eastport, I came back in a western 
direction to Castirie on the Penobscot 
bay, where I arrived on the evening 
of the second day. Many vessels lay 
in the harbor or port of Castine, load¬ 
ed with timber, which was bound to 
the Southern States and to the West 
Indies. 

14. After day-light the next morn¬ 
ing, a man rowed me across the Pe¬ 
nobscot bay in a skiff, and I went on 
to Wiscasset and’ to Portland, as you 
can see from my map. 

15. At Portland I saw a great many 
ships and other vessels lying in the 
harbor, which i&a part of Casco bay. 
Portland is a handsome and wealthy 
city. It has grown very fast since my 
first visit to the state of Maine. Port¬ 
land is a fine place for little boys and 
girls to get a good education, for there 
are many flourishing boarding-schools 
there. 

1(5. From Portland I went along the 
coast of the Atlantic Ocean to York, 
which is marked on the map below 
the Saco river. 

'17. From York I went across the 
mouth of the Piscataqua river, out of 
the state of Maine. 


WRITING. 

(SoA^io^^ 0^cr//a^€/j, 

' ’ SPELLING. 

Maine is larger than Vermont and New-Hampshire put together, for its me¬ 
dium length is at least 250 miles, and its greatest width is 200. 



10 


FIRST BOOK OF GEOGRAPHY. 


STATE OF MASSACHUSETTS. 



1. Litth John the Traveller speaks. 
My dear children, I am glad to meet 
you at Newburyport, for I have just 
come with my fellow travellers to see 
you. 

2. These children have learned a 
great deal about Geography in travel¬ 
ling with me. You will be pleased to 
hear them tell how many interesting 
things they have seen. I have brought 
them here to accompany us through 
the rich and populous state of Massa¬ 
chusetts, a map of which is placed 
above. 

3. I have represented none but the 
most important towns on my maps; 
but they are sufficient to show you 
where I'travelled a few months ago. 

4. David. John, I think you must 
be very fond of children, to spend all 


your time in travelling with them to 
describe the places on your maps. 

5. Little John. Oh yes, I love 
good children, and it gives me great 
pleasure to travel with such as are 
attentive to what I say. 

6. I once travelled through all the 
United States to draw maps for chil¬ 
dren, and I printed an account of my 
travels, giving a description of almost 
every thing that I saw, as you will see 
from this book, for these are the same 
stories which I printed for you. 

7. I will now tell you something 
about Newburyport, and then we will 
go on to other places. Newburyport 
is pleasantly situated on the Merri¬ 
mack river, three miles from its mouth.; 
Some of the people in Newburyport 
are merchants, and some live by fish- 



















FIRST BOOK OF GEOGRAPHY. 


11 


ing. Many ships and other vessels 
are built in Newburyport for the fisher¬ 
men. They go to sea in them to 
catch whales and codfish. 

8. From Newburyport I followed 
the Merrimack river up to Lowell. 
When I visited Lowell several years 
ago, there were but two or three 
houses where the village now stands. 
Now we can see a great many fine 
houses and factories, where cotton 
cloth, calico, and other goods are 
made. Lowell must have grown very 
fast since that time. 

9. From Lowell I went by the way 
of Concord to Ipswich, as you may see 
from the map. I did not remain long 
in Ipswich, but continued my journey 
to Salem. 

10. A little hoy from Boston speaks. 
Why, John, this is the very road that 
I followed in going to meet you at 
Newburyport. 

11. Little John. So it is, and a 
description of it will therefore be in¬ 
teresting to you. In coming into 
Salem, I crossed a bridge fifteen hun¬ 
dred feet long. 1 could see many 
ships lying in the harbor at Salem. 
Being fatigued, I concluded to remain 
there one day. I found the streets 
narrow and crooked, but there were a 
great many elegant houses in different 
parts of the town. Little Mink, my 
black dog, and I took a refreshing 
rest under the trees on the common in 
the centre of the town. 

12. I hastened on to Boston, be¬ 
cause I had been told that there were 
many interesting things there. 

13. Samuel. John, please name 
the most important things you saw in 
Boston, and we can read the particu¬ 
lars at another time. 

14. Little John. Well, in the first 
place I visited 70 wharves, where there 
were a great many ships and other 
vessels. I spent two days' in going 


through the streets, which were crook¬ 
ed, but clean and handsome. I saw 
more than 40 churches, and many 
other public buildings. The Athenae¬ 
um is a fine place to go to and read, 
for there are twenty-six thousand 
books in the library. The new mar¬ 
ket, five hundred and thirty-six feet 
long, is the best building of the kind 
in the United States. The third day 
I went up to the top of the state-house. 



in the city, and therefore I could see a 
great distance on every side. On the 
north, west, and south, the villages 
, appeared as if they almost covered the 
ground for a considerable distance 
around the harbor. They are con¬ 
nected with the city of Boston by very 
long bridges. On the east I could 
see that part of the Atlantic Ocean 
called Massacliusetts Bay, which is 
represented on the map. 

The water which almost wholly sur¬ 
rounds Boston is called Boston harbor. 
That part on the east of Boston is 
spotted with islands, and is nearly 
covered with ships and other vessels 
coming in and going.out. 

The little boys and girls were play¬ 
ing around the pond in the common 
near the state-house, as thick as grass¬ 
hoppers. One of them told me that 
there were 7,500 scholars going to 
school in Boston, including all the 






















12 


FIRST BOOK OF GEOGRAPHY. 


schools. I could not let such an ex¬ 
cellent opportunity pass without going 
to see them, for I love to go to school. 
There I read more about Boston, and 
it was with regret that I left the inter¬ 
esting books which are used in those 
schools. I wanted to stay there and 
study longer, but the time had come 
for me to leave this delightful city and 
continue my journey to finish the 
maps. Here is a picture of part of 
the city of Boston. 



It is, as I said before, almost sur¬ 
rounded by water, and I have made it 
so on the map. 

15. If you look at the map two 
pages back, you will see where I went 
across the strip of land called the 
Neck, to Dedham. 

Dedham is a beautiful country vil¬ 
lage. I was much pleased with the 
delightfid country seats between Bos¬ 
ton and Dedham. 

16. Frx)m Dedham I travelled in a 
south-eastern direction to Plymouth, 
where I saw the very rock which the 
pilgrims landed on more than two 
hundred years ago. 

Daniel. John, what do you mean 
by pilgrims 1 

Little John. I mean those people 
who first came to Massachusetts to 
settle. You will hear more about 
them by and by. I saw several ships 
in Plymouth harbor, and visited the 
iron works where they make nails. 


17. The next day I travelled 
through the sand to Barnstable. 
From Barnstable I could see a narrow 
neck of land running north, the end 
of which is called Cape Cod, as shown 
on the map. 

18. From Barnstable I went down 
to the coast and crossed over to Ed- 
gartown in a boat. Edgartown is on, 
an island called Martha’s Vineyard, 
belonging to the state of Massachusetts. 

19. I made a short visit to Nan¬ 
tucket, to see the inhabitants make 
spermaceti oil, then returned to Ed¬ 
gartown and sailed across the water, 
on my way to Taunton, where I arriv¬ 
ed at night. 

20. Taunton is a flourishing place, 
with an .academy and other public 
buildings. 

21. Long before sunrise the next 
morning, little John and his favorite 
pet were on the road to Worcester. I 
remained at Worcester one day to visit 
the celebrated Antiquarian museum, 
which I shall describe to you by and 
by in another book. One street in 
Worcester is a mile long, on which 
there are 3 churches and many beau¬ 
tiful houses. The Blackstone canal 
comes in at the eastern part of the 
village, and stops there without run¬ 
ning any farther into the country 
north. 

22. From Worcester I travelled in 
a south-western direction to Spring- 
field on the Connecticut river. You 
would be astonished to see the guns 
made at the United States’ armory in 
Springfield. The splendid houses on 
the hill east of Main street, together 
with the court-house and other hand¬ 
some buildings in the village, make 
Springfield a beautiful town. 

23. Here I crossed the Connecticut 
river on a bridge, and followed the 
river up to Northampton. I had heard 
much of the beau y of Northampton, 























FIRST BOOK OF GEOGRAPHY. 


13 


and therefore spent one day in looking 
around the village. It is one of the 
handsomest towns in Massachusetts. 

24. In going from Northampton to 
Greenfield I stopped on the bank of 
the Connecticut river at an old house 
to get something to eat. There was 
a good old lady sitting in the corner 
with her knitting work. When I 
asked her very politely to give a poor 
little wandering boy something to eat, 
Oh, yes, said she, with pleasure. 
Then I ate an excellent dinner of 
pumpkin pies and gingerbread. 


25. After crossing Deerfield river, I 
reached Greenfield, which is another 
pleasant village containing excellent 
schools. Here I had to make prepara¬ 
tions for climbing the hills again, for I 
knew it was very hilly between Green¬ 
field and Lenox. 

2G. Two days were spent in going 
over this road, and I was glad to get 
to Lenox. There I found a fine 
academy and other public buildings. 

27. From Lenox I travelled south 
over Ilousatonic river to the state 
line. 


AVRITING. 


^cnccr(4 

^enav. 


ree?t^ 


SPELLING. 

Massachusetts is 190 miles long from New-York state to the Atlantic Ocean, 
and 90 wide, embracing a territory of 7,500 square miles. It was settled by 
English people before any other state in the Union, except one. The people 
live chiefly by farming, although there are many merchants in the large towns 
who live by buying and selling goods, and other commodities, and by export¬ 
ing and importing things upon the great waters. Others live by making cot¬ 
ton and woollen cloths, and almost every article used in transacting business. 



/ 





14 


FIRST BOOK OF GEOGRAPHY. 


STATE OF CONNECTICUT. 



READING. 


1. Little John the Traveller speaks. 
Well, children, my name is Little 
John the Traveller: some of you know 
me, and I suppose you have all heard 
of me, for I have been a great travel¬ 
ler, and now intend to go with you 
through the state of Connecticut to 
point out the road which I travelled 
a few years ago. This map is the 
same that I made at that time. I 
will describe it, and tell you about 
my journey. 

2. Litchfield is the first village that 
I visited in Connecticut, as you may 
see from the map. It is pleasantly 
situated on a hill, and contains many 
beautiful houses. 

3. From Litchfield I went in a 


southern direction, to Fairfield, and 
then to New-Haven, having crossed 
the Housatonic river twice, as repre¬ 
sented by the road on the map. 

4. New-Haven is called one of the 
handsomest cities in the United States, 
and is the largest town in the state of 
Connecticut. The public square in 
front of Yale College, is ornament¬ 
ed with trees, and encloses several 
churches, together with the state- 
house. You can see by the map that 
New-Haven stands on a bay of Long 
Island sound. A canal comes into 
the city from the north, which I will 
describe at another time. 

5. Continuing my journey in a north¬ 
eastern direction, I passed through 





















FIRST BOOK OF GEOGRAPHY. 


15 


Middletown to Hartford on the Con¬ 
necticut river. Here I saw another 
State-house, for the legislature of Con¬ 
necticut meets one year in New-Ha- 
j ven, and the next in Hartford. I was 
: much pleased with Hartford, for it is 
, a very pleasant city. It contains sev- 
t eral handsome churches, and many 
■ splendid houses. I went to several 
' fine schools in Hartford. Washington 
College is near the main street. 

: 6. A little Hartford boy speaks. 

j John, did you go to the Insane Re- 
' treat, and to the Deaf and Dumb Asy¬ 
lum in Hartford ? 


7. Little John ." No: I was oblig¬ 
ed to continue my journey, and there¬ 
fore crossed the long bridge over the 
Connecticut river, and went through 
Tolland to Brooklyn, and from there 
laid my course dowii south, to New- 
London, on Long Island sound, at the 
mouth of Thames river. 

8. Several whale ships, steam-boats, 
and other vessels lay at the wharves 
in New-London, and I found it to be 
a place of considerable business. 

9. From New-London I crossed the 
river Thames, and went to Rhode- 
Island. 


WRITING. 



STATE OF RHODE-ISLAND. 


READING. 


1. Little John the Traveller speaks. 
I Rhode-Island is a small state, but it 

has a good many people in it. 

2. We will follow the road that I 
travelled a few years ago to the largest 
towns in Rhode-Island. 

I* 3. From Kingston I went to New¬ 
port, on an island in Narraganset bay. 
This town is very pleasantly situated. 

4. Providence was the next place 


that I visited. I went to Brown Uni¬ 
versity and the Arcade. 

5. The steam-boat bell rung, and I 
had to run to get aboard, in order to / 
go to New-York. Oh ! how swift we 
went through the water down Narra¬ 
ganset bay and Long Island sound. 

6. If you look at the map, you can 
see where the steam-boat went through 
tlie sound. 


WRITING. 



SPELLING. 

Connecticut is in superficial extent 88 miles by 53. Rhode-Island is 49 
miles long, and 29 broad. 












16 


FIRST BOOK OF GEOGRAPHY. 


STATE OF NEW-YORK. 



1. Little John the Traveller speaks. 
How did you find us in this great city 
of New-York ? 

2. Little boy from New- York. Oli! 
we have been expecting you with 
your little New-England travellers, and 
therefore kept a good look-out for the 
steam-boat from Providence. 

3. Little John. Well, I expect 
you heard of my travels through the 
state of New-York a few years ago, 
and that my object was to make a 
map of it, to show where I travelled. 

4. Now I will tell you and my little 
friends from the New-England states, 
Maine, New-Hampshire, Vermont, 
Massachusetts, Connecticut, and 


Rhode-Island, what I saw in this 
part of the country. 

5. New-York is one of the largest 
of the United States, and I visited 
none but the most important places 
in it; but by and by I shall go with 
you to every village. Let me tell you 
in few words what I thought of New- 
York city, when I first saw it. In 
coming from the south across the bay, 
I was lost in amazement as I looked 
upon this great city. On the land I 
could see the houses crowded in so 
thick that it looked like a solid but 
irregular mass of brick-work, with the 
spires of churches and numerous 
other public buildings extending far 













FIRST BOOK OF GEOGRAPHY. 


17 


above all the stores and dwelling- 
^ houses. In casting my eyes up East 
river, on the east side of the city, and 
the Hudson river on the west, I saw 
the rigging and masts of so many 
ships and other vessels, that it made 
me think of some extensive forest 
which I have seen in the winter, when 
the leaves were all off the trees. I 
cannot give you a full view of the 
city, but it looks a little like the fol¬ 
lowing picture. 



When I arrived in Broadway, I was 
still more pleased to see the people, 
carriages and drays, running about in 
every direction. It was as much as 
I could do, to keep from being run 
over. This induced me to go down 
Pearl-street to get out of the crowd ; 
but the boxes and bales of goods there, 
together with the merchants passing 
to and fro, made it still more difficult 
to get along. In the Park, in front 
of the City Hall, I got a little rest. 



City Hall. 

2« 


I cannot describe all the public 
buildings now, for they are too nume¬ 
rous to mention .at this time. New- 
York is the largest city in the United 
States. 

G. The map shows where New- 
York is situated, and you may see by 
looking at it, the very road that I 
travelled in going to Poughkeepsie, 
on the Hudson river. I passed over 
the highlands, between New-York and 
Poughkeepsie, and found the road 
very rough. I could have gone up 
the river in a steam-boat, as there are 
a great many steam-boats on the Hud¬ 
son river, but I could not have made 
this map for you, in going by water. 
I remained at Poughkeepsie one night. 
It is pleasantly situated on a hill. 
Early in the morning, I was on the 
road leading up the river north 
through Hudson, to Albany, as shown 
on the map. 

7. Albany is the capital of the state 
of New-York. The members of the 
legislature meet there every winter, to 
make laws for the people of the state. 
I went up to the top of the state-house, 
on the hill, where I had a view of the 
city. After looking round the elegant 
academy, near the state-house, I went 
down quite a steep hill, in an eastern 
direction, through the city to the river, 
where I saw a great many steam-boats 
from New-York, and more canal-boats 
in the basin at the end of the canal, 
than I could count. I shall tell you 
about canals and basins by and by. 
The sloops lying at the long pier, out 
in the river, were taking in a great 
quantity of Hour, which had just been 
landed from the canal-boats. Albany 
has grown very fast since I first 
saw it. 

8. From Albany I went to Troy. 
I am delighted with Troy, for the 
streets are very clean and handsome,, 
and the houses are built with much 
taste. I saw many sloops at the 








































18 


FIRST BOOK OF GEOGRAPHY. 


wharves, and some canal-boats com¬ 
ing across the river, from the canal. 
The elegant court-house, and the 
stone church, together with the long 
buildings occupied for the female 
seminary, attracted my attention. 

9. From Troy, I crossed the river 
and canal again, and travelled over 
the sandy plains to Schenectady. I 
could not get away from Schenectady 
on the first day, for I wanted to visit 
the rail-roads and the canal. One 
rail-road comes in down the hill from 
Albany, and the other goes in a north¬ 
ern direction to Saratoga springs. I 
shall describe these rail-roads by and 
by, and draw them on a map for you. 

10. I will now give you a view of 
one of the cars, which are employed 
on these rail-roads to carry people. 



Rail-road Car. 


Some are drawn by a horse, and some 
go by steam-engines, called locomotive 
engines. The car represented in the 
left hand part of this picture, contains 
the engine, which draws the other 
along. See how many people there 
are on the passengers’ car. Some¬ 
times they put a whole train of cars 
together. 

11. Having spent a day in Schenec¬ 
tady, I continued my journey up the 
great Erie and Hudson canal to Utica, 
as you may see from the map. Utica 
is regularly laid out in broad and 
straight streets, containing many very 


handsome buildings. The great west¬ 
ern turnpike, and the canal, pass 
through the city of Utica, and cause 
it to grow very fast. It is almost as 
large as Troy, and larger than Hud¬ 
son or Poughkeepsie. 

12. From Utica, I followed the 
great western road, through Canan¬ 
daigua, and many other handsome and 
flourishing towns, to Rochester, on 
the Genesee river. Rochester was 
laid out only twenty years ago, and is 
now the fourth town in the state of 
New-York, in point of numbers, be¬ 
ing nearly as large as Troy. At 
Rochester I went to the falls, in the 
town, and saw a great many very ex¬ 
tensive mills, where wheat is ground 
into flour, and sent down the canal 
to Albany, and from there, in sloops 
to New-York and Boston. 

13. My next route was to Buffalo, 
on lake Erie, which I have marked 
on the map. Buffalo is at the head 
of the great Hudson and Erie canal. 
This canal, from Albany to Buffalo, 
is three hundred and sixty-two miles 
long. Buffalo is now growing very 
fast. It is almost as large as Roch¬ 
ester, and a little larger than Utica. 

14. .A little hoy f rom Albany speaks. 
Well, John, I suppose you came to a 
stopping place at Buffalo, did you not? 

15. Little John. Oh \ no, indeed, 
it is not so easy to stop John from trav¬ 
elling. I could have gone upon the 
road, on the south side of the lake, 
but concluded to sail in the steam¬ 
boat, up Lake Erie. 

16. As I promised to tell you more 
about canals, I will now give you 
some account of their construction. 
A canal is a very large ditch, cut in 
the ground, and filled with water, for 
boats to sail in. The basin of a canal 
is a wide place where several boats 
can lie side by side ; an aqueduct is 
a bridge, upon which a canal is car- 










FIRST BOOK OP GEOGRAPHY. 


ried over a river. You will be able 
to find a representation of these, in 
the following picture. 



The bridge, supported by arches, 
represents an aqueduct, the top of 
which is left open, some like the canal 
on land. .This hollow place is filled 
with water, like the rest of the canal, 


l£l 

so that boats can sail over the aque¬ 
duct. If you look at the picture at¬ 
tentively, you may see a boat passing 
over the aqueduct. The boy who- 
drives the horses, generally rides one 
of them, as shown above. A rope, 
usually about 80 or 90 feet long, is 
attached to one side of the boat and 
to the whippletree belonging to the 
horses’ harness, by which the boat is 
drawn through the water. The boat 
shown on the aqueduct, represents a 
freight boat, loaded with goods and 
produce. The one farther back, in 
the canal, represents a packet boat, 
made expressly for the accommoda¬ 
tion of passengers, or travellers.— 
Where roads cross the canal, bridges 
are made, as represented in the left 
hand part of the picture. 

f 


WRITING. 



SPELLING. 

New-York state is very large, being 316 miles long, and 304 broad; con¬ 
taining 47,000 square miles. This is the first state in the Union, in point 
of numbers of inhabitants. In 1830, it contained 1,372,812 people. 


















20 


FIRST BOOK OF GEOGRAPHY. 




STATE OF OHIO. 



1. Little John the Traveller s^peaks. 
When did you arrive at Cleaveland 1 

2. A 'ho7j from Ohio. Yester¬ 
day; and thinking you and your 
fellow-travellers would not come to¬ 
day, three of the Ohio boys have gone 
on up the lake. 

3. Little John. Well, we must 
overtake those boys, for I want to show 
all the children where I travelled in 
Ohio last summer. I came up lake 
Erie from Buffalo to Cleaveland in a 
steam-boat. Cleaveland is at the head 

^ of the Ohio and Erie canal. I count¬ 
ed 200 houses in Cleaveland, besides 
4 churches and the court-house. 

4. I went down quite a steep hill 


to get over the river and canal at 
Cleaveland ; and in travelling on to 
Portland, I passed through woods a 
great part of the way. Several log 
cabins were to be seen between the 
villages. The people told me the land 
was very rich there, and I thought so 
too, from the quantity of black mud 
on my clothes. 

5. Portland, sometimes called San¬ 
dusky, is quite a flourishing village. 
There were many large wagons in 
Portland to carry goods to the southern 
parts’of the state. 

G. A hoy from Cincinnati speaks. 
John, as this is a new country along 
here, mostly covered with woods, I 









FIRST BOOK OF GEOGRAPHY. 


21 


wish you would merely mention the 
towns that you went to, and we can 
• find them on the map, and read more 
about this part of the state by and by. 

7. Little John. Very well; you 
. can see from my road that I went from 

Portland through Mansfield to Woos¬ 
ter, then crossedithe canal to Raven¬ 
na, and Warren. From Warren I 
changed my course south to New-Lis- 
bon, and then went to Canton. 

8. I counted 200 houses in Canton, 
! besides the church and court-house. 

I 9. From Canton I went through 
I New-Philadelphia, to Steubenville, on 
I the Ohio river. There I saw several 
I steam-boats passing up and down the 
! river. The factories at Steubenville 
i are well worth seeing. I counted 3 
i churches, an academy, 1 fine market- 
house, 27 stores, and 16 taverns in the 
1 city of Steubenville. If you are not 
careful you will get your nose smutty 
in Steubenville, for there is so much 
coal burnt in the factories that it 
makes things look dirty very quick. 

10. From Steubenville I went to 
St. Clairsville, and then travelled on 
the superb McAdamised road to 
Zanesville. I shall tell you about this 
and other McAdamised roads by and 
by. This road is called the national 
road, and will be extended through 
the state of Ohio, and farther west 
soon. 

' 11. I saw two handsome bridges 

extending across the Muskingum river 
at Zanesville. Several small boats 
which had come up from the Ohio 
river lay below the bridges. I count¬ 
ed 3 churches, and 320 dwelling-hous¬ 
es in Zanesville. It is a little larger 
. than Steubenville. 

I 12. I went down to Marietta at the 
' mouth of Muskingum on the Ohio, as 
you may see on the map. When I 
was walking around the village of 
Marietta, admiring the beautiful hous¬ 


es and the fertile land, I met a little 
boy coming from school with almost as 
many books as he could carry on his 
back. I asked him if he knew how 
many people there were in Marietta? 
He said that he was from the back 
country, and could not tell me. He 
had more knowledge on his back than 
in his head, and I thought my little 
fellow-travellers would be able to tell 
him more than he had ever learned 
before. 

13. From Marietta I went to Ath¬ 
ens, which contains 40 houses, besides 
the college, court-house, and stores. 
I saw several mills near the vil¬ 
lage. 

14. You can see from the map that 
I went from Athens through Galliapo- 
lis to Portsmouth, both on the Ohio 
river. 

15. Portsmouth is at the foot of the 
great Ohio canal which we saw at 
Cleaveland. This canal is three hun¬ 
dred and six miles long. 

16. I followed the canal up to Chil- 
licothe on the Scioto river. All along 
the banks of this river the extensive 
bottoms or flat lands are so rich and 
beautiful that I was almost tempted to 
stop and go to farming ; but I then 
recollected that my map must be fin¬ 
ished for you, and therefore Little John 
had to keep moving. I could look 
from Chillicothe and see a beautiful 
level country all around for a great 
distance. This is called the Scioto 
valley. There are several factories in 
Chillicothe. 

17. I had to cross the Scioto river 
at Chillicothe and go up to Circleville. 
This is the most curious town I ever 
saw, for the houses are all placed 
around in a circle, with an Indian 
mound in the centre, which I shall 
describe by and by. Circleville has 
grown very fast since I first saw it. 
The canal crosses the Scioto river at 





22 


FIRST BOOK OF GEOGRAPHY. 


Circleville on an elegant stone bridge 
called an aqueduct. 

18. At Circleville I left the canal 
and river, and went to Lancaster. 
There I counted 250 houses. It is a 
beautiful village. 

19. From Lancaster I travelled 
across the canal to Columbus, as 
shown on the map. Columbus is the 
capital of the state of Ohio, where the 
members of the legislature meet every 
winter to make laws for the people of 
Ohio. Oh! I must tell you what a 
splendid view I had from the top of 
the state-house in Columbus. I could 
look down in the town and see the 
elegant court-house, the penitentiary, 
the asylum for the deaf and dumb, 3 
churches, and 335 dwelling-hguses 
and stores. Then looking farther off, 
I had a view of a branch of the great 
Ohio canal which comes into Colum¬ 
bus, the Scioto river, and the level and 
beautiful country around on every 
side as far as the eye could reach. 

20. A boy from Cleaveland speaks. 
John, please go along a little faster, 
for we can read more about these 
towns at another time. 

21. Little John. I will do so. 
From Columbus I travelled across the 
Scioto river through Springfield and 
Xenia to Dayton. 

22. I must tell you about a few 
things that I saw at Dayton. Several 
large factories, the canal, and a beau¬ 
tiful village, containing 370 buildings, 
attracted my attention. I find Day- 
ton has grown very'fast lately. 

23. I travelled from Dayton across 
the Miami river by the way of Eaton 
to Hamilton, which is situated between 
the canal and the Miami river, as rep¬ 
resented on the map. 

24. If you have any taste for farm¬ 
ing, this country will suit you, for it is 
level, rich, and every way delightful. 
The section along on the Miami river 


is called the Miami valley, and is not 
excelled by any country in the world 
for agricultural purposes. 

25. From Hamilton I followed the 
canal down to Cincinnati. I will now 
give you a view of the city of Cincin¬ 
nati, and then describe it. 



26. The above picture does not 
show the whole city of Cincinnati, but 
it will give you some idea of it. But a 
little more than forty years ago, the 
place where Cincinnati stands was 
covered with large trees, for it was a 
wild forest. It is now much the larg¬ 
est city in the state of Ohio. Oh 1 I 
wish I could describe all that I saw in 
this handsome city, but I cannot give 
you an account of every thing at pres¬ 
ent. I will merely mention a few 
things that attracted my attention, and 
at another time will state the particu¬ 
lars. I went down to the Ohio river, 
where I saw a great many steam-boats ; 
and the large open space on the shore 
called the landing, which is represent¬ 
ed in the above picture, was almost 
covered with drays and people. After 
taking a view of the river ^nd the ca¬ 
nal, I walked through 36 streets, some 
of which are more than a mile in 
length, containing many splendid 
rows of stores and houses. I will 
mention five which appeared to me to 
be the most attractive. They are 
called Main, Broadway, Fourth, Pearl, 
and Walnut streets. Many others are 
business places and appear very hand- 










FIRST BOOK OF GEOGRAPHY. 


23 


some, but not quite equal to those 
here named. I saw 24 churches 
and 10 iron founderies and machine 
shops, where they make a great many 
steam-engines, sugar-mills, &.c. The 
medical college, athenaeum, bazaar, 
court-house. Pearl-street house, second 
Presbyterian church, Unitarian church. 


and the Methodist chapel, are all noble 
buildings. The streets are wide, 
straight, and handsome in every par¬ 
ticular. I visited a great many schools 
in Cincinnati, and it gave me very 
unpleasant feelings to bid my little 
friends farewell; but I resolved in my 
mind to visit Cincinnati again soon. 


WRITING. 



SPELLING. 

i Ohio is 220 miles long from Lake Erie to the extreme south bend of the 
I Ohio river, and 200 broad, reckoning the distance from Pennsylvania to Indi- 
1 ana. The superficial extent or number of square miles is 40,000. The num¬ 
ber of acres contained in the state of Ohio is 25,000,000. It is a little larger 
than Indiana. 


I 

! 





24 


FIRST BOOK OF GOEGRAPHY. 


STATE OF INDIANA. 



1. Little John the Traveller speaks. 
My dear children, having travelled 
through Indiana a short time since, to 
make a map of the state, I have now 
come to Lawrenceburg to point out 
the same road which I then travelled. 
Let me have the pleasure of introduc¬ 
ing my little fellow-travellers from the 
east to you who are from Indiana. ‘ 

2. If you look at the map, you will 
see that Lawrenceburg is the first 
town that I visited after leaving Cin¬ 
cinnati. 

3. Madison, the next village that I 
went to, is a flourishing place. 

4. A little hoy from Indiana speaks. 
John, I expect your little fellow-trav¬ 
ellers from the New-England states, 


and from New-York and Ohio, will 
think Indiana is a new and wild 
country. I know it is not many years 
since it was a wilderness, but they 
will find that it is already an impor¬ 
tant state, and will soon be equal to 
many of the eastern states. 

5. Little John. I think Indiana is 
not to be laughed at, by any means, as 
we shall see by going to some of the 
villages in the state. 

6. I went through Corydon to Vin¬ 
cennes on the Wabash river. I was 
much pleased with the gardens and 
fruit orchards near the houses in Vin¬ 
cennes. There I counted 300 houses 
besides the academy, court-house, and 
2 churches. 









FIRST BOOK OF GEOGRAPHY. 


25 


7. Indianapolis, the capital of the 
state of Indiana, was the next place I 
visited. Oh! I was delighted with 
the country around Indianapolis, for 
the land is as rich as any I ever saw, 
and it lies beautifully. I counted 200 
houses in Indianapolis, many of which 
are built of brick in a very neat style. 

8. The people have come into this 


country very fast since I first visited it 
a few years ago. 

9. You can see from the map that I 
went from Indianapolis to La Fayette, 
at the head of navigation on Wabash 
river. 

10. From La Fayette I went off 
through the woods in a north-eastern 
direction to the state line. 


WRITING. 


f7nccnn^j 

SPELLING. 

Indiana is 250 miles long and 150 broad, being a little smaller than Ohio. 


MICHIGAN. 


READING. 


1. hittU John. I saw a state- 
house, two churches, and many fine 
stone and brick houses in Detroit. It 
is the capital of Michigan. I shall 
tell you more about Michigan by and 
by, in another book. 


2. As Detroit is the only town of 
much importance in Michigan, I has¬ 
tened on in a western direction, 
through Ypsalanti to St. Joseph, and 
crossed over lake Michigan in a sloop 
to Illinois. 


WRITING. 


i SPELLING. 

i Michigan is 250 miles long’and 135 broad, which make it about the size of 
I Indiana. 

I o 








26 


FIRST BOOK OF GEOGRAPHY. 


STATE OF ILLINOIS. 
READING. 


1. Littlejohn the Traveller speaks. 
Well, children, I am glad to meet you 
at Chicago, so that all the little west¬ 
ern boys and these hardy travellers 
from the eastern states can join us in 
travelling through the state of Illinois. 

2. A tittle hoy from Massachusetts 
speaks. John, what are these little 
dotted places on the road between 
Chicago and Springfield ? 

3. Little John. They represent the 
large flat fields called prairies. They 
never had any trees on them, and are 
covered with grass. 


4. You can see from the map where 
I travelled when I first went through 
Illinois. Beginning at Chicago, I 
passed through Springfield, York, and 
Albion, to Kaskaskia. I counted 160 
houses in Kaskaskia. 

5. From Kaskaskia I went in a 
northern direction across the Kaskas¬ 
kia river to Vandalia. 

6. Vandalia is situated on a high 
bank of the Kaskaskia river. It con¬ 
tains about 100 houses, and is the 
capital of the state of Illinois. 


WRITING. 



STATE OF MISSOURI. 


READING. 


1. Little John speaks. I visited St. 
Louis, situated on the west bank of 
the great Mississippi river. It con¬ 
tains many handsome brick and stone 
houses. I will tell you more about 
St. Louis by and by. 

2. I always want to see every thing 
that is to be seen in any country, and 
as I heard Jefferson was the capital 
of Missouri, I followed the Missouri 


river up to that place. I did not stay 
long in Jefferson, for it is not half as 
large as St. Louis. 

3. Anxious to lay my course towards 
home once more, and thinking that I 
had gone far enough west, I went 
through St. Genevieve to New-Madrid, 
in the south-east part of Missouri, as 
marked on the map which I have plac¬ 
ed two pages back. 


WRITING. 

SPELLING. 

Illinois joins Indiana on the west, and is 350 miles in length and 180 in 
breadth, containing 40,000,000 acres. Illinois is larger than Ohio or Indiana. 

Missouri is in extent 270 miles by 220, being considerably larger than 
Illinois. 







i 


FIRST BOOK OF GEOGRAPHY. 


27 


STATE OF KENTUCKY. 



1. Little John speaks to the Ken¬ 
tucky boys. Well, boys, I have heard 
much of the brave Kentuckians, and 
have now come with these children to 
see you. Some of them are from Ver- 

' mont, some from Massachusetts, and 
some from Connecticut. I suppose 
, you will call them Yankees, because 
th£y are from the New-England states, 

I but I can tell you that they are very 
good scholars, and know as much 'as 
almost any boys of their size. I have 
got companions with me also from 
New-York state, Ohio, Indiana, Illi¬ 
nois, Michigan and Missouri. Some 
are quite small for such extensive 
travellers, but they will soon grow to 
the size of men, if they pay attention 
to what Little John tells them. 

2. A little boy from Kentucky 
speaks. Well, I never saw better look¬ 
ing children in my life than you have 
with you, and I have no objections to 
joining your company. But tell me, 
John, did you not go through Ken¬ 
tucky last summer ? 

3. Little John. I did; and if you 
listen to me you will know what towns 
I went through. 

4. I came from the state of Missou¬ 


ri, across the Mississippi, Tennessee, 
and Cumberland rivers, to Russellville, 
in Kentucky, which I have represent¬ 
ed on the map. I counted 160, hous¬ 
es in Russellville, besides the college 
and some other public buildings. 

5. From Russellville I went through 
Danville to Louisville, on the Ohio 
river. 

6. Before I describe Louisville, I 
must tell you what a great cave I saw 
near the road. I got a man to go with 
me to see this great curiosity,, and we 
took some torches to give us light in 
the cave. After we descended a little 
way below the surface of the ground, 
we came to large rooms in the rocks. 
Oh ! what a dark and dismal place. 
Little John was not frightened, how¬ 
ever, by seeing this splendid work of 
nature, but continued along under 
ground for several miles. I was some¬ 
times climbing over the rocks, and 
sometimes crawling on my hands and 
knees through the holes that led from 
one roc<u to another. Having been 
in there nearly all day, and finding no 
pantry in those extensive apartments 
to satisfy Little John’s ‘•hunger, I had 
to come out. 








28 


FIRST BOOK OF GEOGRAPHY. 


7. Now I must tell you what I saw 
at Louisville. The name of Louis¬ 
ville could not be placed on my map, 
but the circle a little west of Frank¬ 
fort, on the Ohio river, shows the 
town. I passed through three streets 
on which the city is principally built, 
and saw the splendid marine hospital, 
the alms-house, the large free school- 
house, 8 churches, and several other 
public buildings, with a great many 

/ handsome dwelling-houses and stores. 
As many as twelve or fifteen steam¬ 
boats lay at the landing. 

8. From Louisville I went on in an 
eastern direction to Frankfort, on the 
Kentucky river, as represented by the 
little square on the map. I knew that 
Frankfort was the capital of the state 
of Kentucky, and I went out to find 
the state-house. I assure you there 
was no difficulty in finding it, for it is 
a large and splendid marble building. 
From the top of the state-house I could 
see the whole of the village and the 
high banks that surround it. I found 
the village composed of two parts, one 


on each side of the Kentucky river, 
and connected by a bridge. 

9. I travelled from Frankfort over 
the hills, (or knobs, as the people there 
called them,) in a north-eastern direc¬ 
tion to Georgetown, then to Maysville, 
on the Ohio river, and from there 
through Washington and Paris to 
Lexington. 

10. Georgetown, Maysville, Wash¬ 
ington and Paris could not be named 
on the map, because there was not 
room ; but you can tell which they are 
from the little circles, for they are 
placed in the same order as named 
above. 

11. In Lexington I saw an excellent 

college, a court-house, lunatic asylum, 
masonic hall, 11 churches, and several 
factories where cotton bagging is 
made out of hemp. The country^ 
around Lexington is beautiful, and I 
was delighted with the handsome 
houses in the city. I did not like to 
leave Lexington, but it was necessary 
for me to go through Harrodsburg to 
Tennessee. ' 


WRITING. 



SPELLING. 

The average length of Kentucky is 400 miles. Its width is about 150, 
making a surface of 40,000 square miles. 




FIRST BOOK OF GEOGRAPHY. 


29 


STATE OF TENNESSEE. 
READING. 


1. Little John speaks. If you look 
at my map two pages back, you can 
see the little travellers represented on 
the road as crossing the Alleghany 
mountains to Knoxville. Now I must 
tell you that I had a rough road and 
a rough time in crossing over these 
mountains when I first passed through 
the state of Tennessee. 

2. A little boy from Tennessee 
speaks. John, you will please pass 
through Tennessee this time pretty 
quick, for I want to hear you tell about 
the interesting things you saw in. the 
Southern States. 

3. Little John. Very well. I must 
tell you something about the important 
state of Tennessee, for it would not 
be consistent with Little John’s char¬ 
acter to go such a distance without 
saying something. It is as natural for 
him to talk as it is to eat, but you see 


he does not talk nonsense, for he 
knows that all children should say but 
little except about their studies, and 
at all times to think twice before they 
speak once. 

4. At Knoxville I saw a college, a 
number of factories, and several pub¬ 
lic buildings. 

5. From Knoxville I passed over a 
range of the Alleghany mountains, 
through Mqrfreesborough to Nash¬ 
ville. 

6. At Nashville I saw several 
churches, a college, and the finest 
market-house that I had seen in the 
Western States. Nashville is the 
capital of the state of Tennessee. It 
has grown very fast since I first saw 
it a few years ago. 

7. From Nashville I went in- a 
south-west direction to Memphis, as 
shown on the map two pages back. 



WRITING. 





SPELLING. 


Tennessee is 400 miles long and 120 broad. It extends from the Missis¬ 
sippi river to the Alleghany mountains, and contains about as much land as 
the state of Ohio. 


3 ^ 





30 


FIRST BOOK OF GEOGRAPHY. 



1. Little John the Traveller speaks. 
In my first travels through the South¬ 
ern States I went to the largest towns 
only; but before long I shall give an 
interesting account of other places. 

2. From Memphis in Tennessee I 
went to Arkopolis, the capital of Ar¬ 
kansas Territory, and from there to 
Arkansas, near the mouth of Arkan¬ 


sas river. It is not named on the 
map, but the little circle shows where it 
is. Then I crossed the Arkansas river, 
and went down to the south line of 
the territory, as shown on the map. 

3. I have not shown the whole of 
Arkansas Territory on this map, be¬ 
cause the western part is not much 
settled. 


i 

I 

j 

k 


i 

'i 




\ 

i 


WRITING, 



SPELLING. 

The length of Arkansas Territory is 300 miles. Its breadth, 240. It is 
not yet very thickly populated. 



















FIRST BOOK OF GEOGRAPHY* 


31 


STATE OF LOUISIANA. 
READING. 


1. Littlejohn speaks. I had to pass 
through a new country in getting to 
Natchitoches, on the Red river. I 
wanted to sail down this river in a 
steam-boat which I saw at Natchito¬ 
ches, but had to go by land through 
Alexandria and Franklin to New- 
Orleans, the capital of the state. 

2. I saw about fifty steam-boats, 
with a great many ships, and more 
flat boats than I could easily count, 
in New-Orleans. I was much pleas¬ 


ed with the handsome white and yel¬ 
low houses in that great city. The 
Cathedral, State Bank, Hospital and 
many other public buildings, are 
splendid. New-Orleans is a great 
city. It is situated on the Mississippi 
river, as may be seen from the map. 

3. From New-Orleans, I sailed up 
the Mississippi river, about 100 miles 
to Donaldsonville, and then went 
to the state line, as shown on the 
map. 


WRITING. 


^cnoA^onac/Ze. 


STATE OF MISSISSIPPI. 
READING. 


1. Little John speaks. The city 
of Natches, which is shown on the 
map, by a circle on the east side 
of the Mississippi river, is the first 
town I visited in the state of Missis¬ 
sippi. It is much the largest town in 
die state. 

2. From Natches I travelled in an 
eastern direction, to Monticello, and 


then north to Jackson, the capital of 
the state of Mississippi. 

3. Jackson being the seat of gov¬ 
ernment, or capital, will one day be¬ 
come an important place. 

4. My next course was towards Tus¬ 
caloosa, as shown by the road on the 
map. I saw a great many people mak¬ 
ing sugar, in the state of Mississippi. 


WRITING. 











3-2 


FIRST BOOK OF GEOGRAPHY. 


SPELLING. 


Louisiana contains 48,220 square miles. Mississippi 46,000. Alabama 
46,000. The two last named states are eaual in size. 


; % 

STATE OF ALABAMA. 

READING. 


1. Little John speaks. I arrived 
at Tuscaloosa; the capital of the state 
of Alabama, at an early hour in the 
morning, and spent the whole day in 
looking at the beautiful state house, 
college, and other public buildings, 
together with the rest of the town. 

2. From Tuscaloosa I travelled over 


the hills to Cahawba, then through 
St. Stephen’s to Mobile, near the 
mouth of the Alabama river, on Mo¬ 
bile bay, which is a part of the gulf 
of Mexico, as shown on the map, two 
pages back. 

3. Mobile is a place of a great deal 
of business. 


WRITING. 


^aAau^CL tyf6cAi/e. 


FLORIDA TERRITORY. 


READING. 


1. Little John speaks. After leav¬ 
ing Mobile, I'travelled eastward along 
through the sand and marshes, past 
Pensacola to Tallahasse, the capital 
of Florida territory, then to St. Au¬ 
gustine on the Atlantic coast. St. 
Augustine is not named on the map, 
but the little circle near the shaded 


part shows where it is. It is quite a 
city, built of stone. 

2. The whole of Florida could 
not be represented on the map, for 
it runs a great distance south, be¬ 
tween the Atlantic ocean and the gulf 
of Mexico. 


^e^acc/a. 


WRITING. 















FIRST BOOK OF GEOGRAPHY. 


33 


STATE OF GEORGIA. 
READING. 


1 . Little John speaks. In my tra¬ 
vels through Georgia, I went up the 
I coast through St. Mary’s and Darien 
to Savannah, a few miles above the 
mouth of Savannah river. 

I 2. Savannah is a very handsome 
I city, containing 12 public buildings, 
and 8 churches. The Presbyterian 
church, the Exchange, and the Aca¬ 
demy, are elegant buildings. The 
public squares and streets in Savan- 
I nah are very handsome. There were 
several ships at the wharves, and I 
1 found Savannah to be a city of a great 
I deal of business. 

!• 3. My next tour was made in going 

up north-west, to Milledgeville, on the 
Oconee river. 


4. Milledgeville is the capital of 
the state of Georgia. It contains a 
handsome state-house, an arsenal, a 
penitentiary, and 3 churches. 

5. From Milledgeville I went to 
Augusta. I was much pleased with 
Augusta, for it is a beautiful city. The 
streets are wide and straight, contain¬ 
ing many elegant houses. Steam¬ 
boats come up the Savannah river to 
Augusta. I saw a great deal of cot¬ 
ton and tobacco on the landing, and 
was told that there was more business 
done in Augusta than in any other 
city of the same size in the Southern 
States. 


i, WRITING. 


SPELLING. 

Florida Territory is 550 miles long, and its average breadth is 120 miles. 

Georgia presents a surface of 300 miles by 200 in extent; that is, it is 300 
miles one way and 200 the other. It is a little larger than Illinois ; but the 
land in the former state, is not as good as that in the latter. Most of the plant¬ 
ers living in Georgia, own slaves. The principal business of those slaves is to 
cultivate cotton for their masters. That which the inhabitants, residing in 
the northern and eastern states call farms, the southern people call plantations, 
and the owner is' called a planter. 










34 


FIRST BOOK OF GEOGRAPHY. 



STATE OF SOUTH-CAROLINA ’ 

READING. ^ 

2. If you look at the map, you can 
see where we travelled from the Sav¬ 
annah river to Charleston. 

3. Charleston is but a little way ^ 
from the Atlantic ocean, as shown on j 
the map. The city stands on a,point 
of land formed by two rivers. I saw 
a great many ships in the harbor from 
different parts of the world. I was J 
delighted with the streets, for they are , 
very handsome, and the houses are J 
ornamented with piazzas and beauti- / 


1. Little John the Traveller speaks. 
Children, if you wish to know where 
Little John travelled through South- 
Carolina, you will please look at the 
map If you would like to hear an 
account of what I saw in my travels, 
read the stories here printed. I must 
tell you that I travelled through South- 
Carolina alone in my first journey 
through the United States, but in the 
second tour I had several little boys 
with me, to show them what I saw. 




















1 


FIRST BOOK OF GEOGRAPHY. 


35 


I ful yards filled with roses and other 
|, flowers. Charleston contains about 
20 churches, with 10 or 12 other 
public buildings. 

4. From Charleston I went across 
Santee river to Georgetown, and from 
there to Columbia, the capital of the 
state of South-Carolina. 

5. I saw but few towns in my tra¬ 


vels, more pleasantly situated than 
Columbia; for it stands on a high and 
beautiful plain. The streets are wide 
and handsome. I visited the college, 
State-house and four or five churches. 
A steam-boat from Charleston lay at 
the landing. 

6. I continued my journey through 
Camden to North-Carolina. 



WRITING. 






■ STATE OF NORTH-CAROLINA. 


READING. 


\ 

1. Littlejohn speaks. Fayetteville, 
t on Cape-Fear river, was the first town 
I visited in North-Carolina, as may 
; be seen from my road on the map. 
i 2. From Fayetteville, I went to 
f Newbern, where I saw a great deal 
!: of lumber, tar and pitch, which the 
I negroes were putting on sloops to send 
to the northern states. I was pleased 
f with Newbern, for it is a handsome 
I place, containing 8 public buildings 
j and 3 churches. 

i 3. From Newbern I travelled up 
; the Neuse river to Raleigh, the capi- 
I tal of the state of North-Carolina. At 
I Raleigh I counted 13 public buildings 


and 5 churches. I was glad to get 
into Union Square, in the centre of 
the town, to rest. From that beauti¬ 
ful square, which contains 10 acres, I 
could look through the 4 streets, that 
di\^ide the town into four parts. The 
State-house and the marble statue of 
General Washington entertained me 
nearly all day. I saw two academies 
in Raleigh. It is a smaller place than 
Newbern or Fayetteville. 

4. You may see from the map that 
I went in a north-east direction from 
Raleigh across the Roanoke river to 
Edenton, and then to Virginia. 


WRITING. 



SPELLING. 


Sc/enlcn, 


South-Carolina contains 28,000 square miles, and 
48,000. 


North-Carolina has 








36 


FIRST BOOK OF GEOGRAPHY. 


STATE OF VIRGINIA. 
READING. 


1. Littlejohn the Traveller speaks. 
If you look at the map which is placed 
with North and South-Carolina, two 
pages back, you will see where I came 
from North-Carolina to Norfolk, in 
Virginia. At Norfolk I saw a great 
number of ships. 

2. From Norfolk, I went through 
Petersburg to Richmond, the capital 
of the state of Virginia. Richmond 
is situated on the north side of James 
river. I have not made the river on 
this map, but shall show on another 
map, where it runs. I w^as delighted 
with Richmond. I counted 13 public 
buildings and 8 churches. The mon¬ 
umental church, the penitentiary and 
the state-house or capital, are all beau¬ 
tiful buildings. Here is a view of the 
capitol. 



After taking a view of the capitol, 
I went to the court-house, and to the 
Virginia Armory, where they make a 
great many guns every year. 

3. After staying one day in Rich¬ 
mond, I went in an eastern direction 
to Yorktown, which is shown on the 
map, by a little circle 'near the water. 
From Yorktown, I crossed York river, 
and followed the direction of the Rap¬ 
pahannock river, passing through Fre¬ 
dericksburg to Staunton. 

4. Staunton is on the west side of 
that part of the Alleghany mountains 
called the Blue ridge. 

5. From Staunton, I travelled in an 
eastern direction to Mount Vernon, 
which is marked by the circle close 
to the Potomac river. I did not find 
any village at Mount Vernon; but there 
was something more interesting for me 
there than a city, or village. I saw 
the very house in which the greatest 
man that this country ever produced, 
once lived. I mean General Wash¬ 
ington. I shall soon tell you about 
this great and good man. 

0. From Mount Vernon, I went to 
the District of Columbia. 


WRITING. 



&launAn^. 


SPELLING. 

Virginia is 320 miles long, and 200 broad, embracing 64,000 square miles. 
It is the largest state in the Union, and was settled by white people, before 
any of the others. 































FIRST BOOK OF GEOGRAPHY. 


37 


DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 



READING. 


1. A little hoy from Massachusetts 
speaks. Well, John, you have con¬ 
ducted us through nearly every state 
in the Union, and I should like to 
know when we shall get home again. 

2. Little John. Oh, we shall soon 
reach the place where you live, but 1 
must tell you a few more stories about 
my former travels. We can attend to 
them as we go along. \ 

3. You may see Alexandria on this 
map, where I staid all night. In the^ 
morning when I got up and went down 
to the wharves, I saw several ships 
and two steam-boats. The streets are 
straight, and many of them wide and 
handsome. 

4. From Alexandria, I went to 
Georgetown, where I saw the college, 
and many beautiful houses on the hill 
in the north part of the city. 


5. From Georgetowm I walked over 
to Washington, the capital of the 
United States. Here I saw the Pres¬ 
ident of the United States, the mem¬ 
bers of Congress, and many other 
great men. 

I was quite fatigued with walking 
about the city, for it covers a great 
deal of ground, but is not built up as 
thick as many other cities I have 
visited. I found it some like a num¬ 
ber of villages scattered about in dif¬ 
ferent places, but there is one part 
which is now built like other large 
cities, with the houses close together. 
That is between the Capitol and the 
President’s house. 

6. Oh, I must tell you something 
about the Capitol, for it is the most 
splendid house I ever saw. There is 
no other building in the United States 


4 










38 


FIRST BOOK OF GEOGRAPHY. 


equal to it. Here is a picture of it, 
showing the east front. The Repre¬ 
sentatives’ Hall is in the left hand 
part, under the small dome, and the 
senate chamber is in the right hnnd 
part of the building. 



I went into the, Representatives’ 
Hall, the Senate Chamber, United 
States Supreme Court room, and the 
Library room. The inside of the 
round part which you can see in 
the middle of the building extending 
above the roof, is called the Rotunda. 
It contains several large and splendid 
paintings. All the floors are beauti¬ 


fully paved, and the walls of the whole 
building are white free stone. I shall 
tell you more about it by and by. 
From the dome, which you can see 
on the top of the building I could 
see the City Hall, the President’s 
house. General Post-office, the other 
public offices, 13 churches, and all 
the city. 

7. A hoy from Connecticut speaks. 
John, I think you do not always re¬ 
present cities and towns like those on 
this map, do you ? 

8. Little John. No : sometimes 
they are shown by squares, and some¬ 
times they are represented by little 
circles, as you have seen in looking 
at my maps. 

9. I cannot stop to say any more 
about the District of Columbia at pre¬ 
sent, for we expect to come back here 
again soon. You may see by the road 
running east from Washington city, 
where I went to the boundary line of 
the District, across the eastern branch 
of the Potomac river. 


WRITING. 



SPELLING. 

The District of Columbia is 10 miles square, situated on each side of the 
Potomac river. Washington city, the capital of the United States, is located 
in this district. There are about 18,000 permanent inhabitants in Washing¬ 
ton ; but in the winter season, during the session of Congress, there are 
many more. 














FIRST BOOK OF GEOGRAPHY. 


39 


STATE OF MARYLAND. 



1. Little John the Traveller speaks. 
Well, children, if you look at the map 
you will see where Little John travel¬ 
led from Washington city to Annap¬ 
olis, the capital of the state of Mary¬ 
land. 

2. Annapolis stands on the Chesa¬ 
peake bay. I was mpch pleased with 
the court-house in Annapolis. 

3. From Annapolis I went in a 
northern direction to Baltimore. I 
could not stay in Baltimore long, and 
in order to see the whole city at one 
view, I went up to the top of the 
Washington Monument, which stands 
in the northern part of the city. It is 
built of marble, one hundred and sev¬ 
enty-five feet high. From that high 
place I could see the whole city, and 
the Patapsco bay, which was almost 
covered with ships, steam-boats and 
other vessels. Oh! what a beautiful 
sight that was. After I descended, I 
went to the Roman Catholic Cathe¬ 
dral, the Unitarian Church, St. Paul’s 
Church, the Exchange, the Athenaeum 
and to many other splendid buildings. 
I counted about 40 churches in the 


city. When I went down to' the 
wharves to see the shipping, I crossed 
the great rail-road, which I will de¬ 
scribe by and by. 

Baltimore is the third city in the 
United States in regard to size. I 
did not like to leave this great and 
handsome city, but it was necessary 
for me to return through Washing¬ 
ton and Georgetown to Fredericks- 
town. You can see the road on the 
map above. Frederickstown is some¬ 
times called Frederick. It is a fine 
country town, containing 7 churches 
and 6 public buildings. Here I saw 
the great rail-road, which I crossed in 
Baltimore. 

4. From Frederickstown, I went in 
a western direction, to the Potomac 
river, and followed that stream up to 
Cumberland, as you can see from the 
map. Here I saw the great National 
Road, that I travelled on in Ohio. 

5. From Cumberland I returned to 
Baltimore through Hagerstown, as 
shown by the road on the map. Hav¬ 
ing rested well one night at the cele¬ 
brated City Hotel in Baltimore, I set 











40 


FIRST BOOK OF GEOGRAPHY. 


out early the next morning, and went 
around the head of Chesapeake bay to 
Klkton, and then to the state line. 

6. Oh! I must tell you what I saw 
in going from Elkton to the state line. 
If you look at the map, you will 
see where I crossed a bay extending 
nearly to the west line of Dela¬ 
ware. I sailed up that bay and near 
its head, saw the rail-road, which 
runs from Frenchtown to New-Castle. 


While I was looking at the rail-road, 
a very large steam-boat came up from 
Baltimore, loaded with passengers. 
Soon after the boat landed, ten cars 
received those travellers, and in about 
five minutes they were moving at a 
rapid rate towards New-Castle. If 
you never saw rail-road cars, you can 
scarcely imagine how beautiful ten of 
them in one train appear, when swift¬ 
ly passing over the road. 


WRITING. 








zn. 


SPELLING. 

Maryland is 119 miles long, and 91 wide, containing 10,800 square miles. 


STATE OF DELAWARE. 


READING. 


1. Little John speaks. In travel¬ 
ling from Elkton, in Maryland, to 
Dover, the capital of the state of Del¬ 
aware, I passed over a level country 
almost entirely covered with wheat. I 
counted 3 public buildings, beside the 
State-house and 2 churches, in Dover. 

2. I went by water up Delaware 
bay, from Dover to New-Castle and 
Wilmington, which I have represent- J 


ed by little circles on the west side - 
of Delaware bay, near its head. I 
was much pleased with Wilmington, 
for it is pleasantly situated, on - a hill, 
and contains many handsome build¬ 
ings. The mills around Wilmington 
are worth seeing. I think those ex¬ 
tensive flour mills are equal to the 
flour mills that I saw in Rochester, 
New-York. 


WRITING. 







, SPELLING. 

Delaware is but 92 miles long, and 23 wide, being'the smallest state in the 
Union, except Rhode Island. 






FIRST BOOK OF GEOGRAPHY. 


41 


STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 



READING, 


1. A little hoy from Philadelphia 
speaks. Oh, my dear Little John, I 
am glad to see you. I have heard of 
your travels through the United States. 
You have got some very fine looking 
children with you, and I hope we shall 
get better acquainted. Now I should 
be pleased to hear you tell what you 
saw in Philadelphia, and other parts 
of our great state, when you travelled 
through it the first time. 

2. Little John the Traveller. I 
will tell you with pleasure; for I love 
to talk about geography, and especial¬ 
ly to these little fellow-travellers of 
mine, for they are attentive to what I 
say. Oh ! if you could see where we 
have been in the Eastern, Western, 
and Southern States, you would won- 

4# 


der how we could travel so far. Some¬ 
times we were climbing mountains, 
sometimes sailing, and sometimes pad¬ 
dling through the mud, to get along in 
our travels; but we have been well 
paid for our trouble. You may see 
from these little friends of mine that 
w^e have not travelled in vain. They 
have learned a great deal, and are 
anxious to learn more, as may be seen 
from their strict attention to the les¬ 
sons I have printed for them and you. 

3. Well, I must telk you a little 
about Philadelphia, for it is the second 
city in the United States in regard to 
size. I was delighted with the wfide, 
straight, and clean streets, and their 
uniform and beautiful houses. The 
public squares, too, w^ere very fine 




















42 


FIRST BOOK OF GEOGRAPHY. 


places for me to rest on. I could sit 
under the trees and enjoy myself well. 
Those squares are as handsome as any 
I ever saw. After visiting the United 
States bank, the hospital, penitentiary, 
and a great many other splendid pub¬ 
lic buildings, I went to the top of the 
old state-house, whe're I had a fine 
view of the whole city, the navy-yard, 
and the surrounding country. I saw 
more than 40 public buildings in Phila¬ 
delphia. I have more to say about Phila¬ 
delphia, but must omit it for the present. 

4. From Philadelphia I went in a 
north-west direction to Reading, which 
is situated on the Schuylkill river. 

5. Reading is a flourishing place. 
It may be seen by the road on the 
map, that I went to Lancaster, which 
is south-west from Reading. 

6. Oh! I was very much pleased 
with the country around Lancaster, for 
it is an excellent place for farming. I 
counted 8 or 10 churches in the city, 
and as many public buildings. 

7. From Lancaster I went across the 
Susquehanna river, through York, to 
Harrisburg, the capital of the state of 
Pennsylvania. I saw the splendid 
State-house at Harrisburg, and several 
other public buildings. 

8. In going from Harrisburg to 
Carlisle, I crossed a very long bridge 
extending over the Susquehanna river. 


9. Carlisle is a very handsome place. 
Dickinson’s College is in Carlisle. 

10. You may see by the map that I 
went from Carlisle to Chambersburg, 
and then over the Alleghany moun¬ 
tains, through Somerset and Washing¬ 
ton, to Pittsburg. • 

11. At Pittsburg I saw a great ma¬ 
ny factories and rolling mills. Those 
rolling mills are used to roll out bars 

of iron. I saw a great deal of work | 
in iron, such as steam-engines, mill¬ 
wheels, &c. Pittsburg is growing 
very fast. I was surprised to see so 
many steam-boats in the river at 
Pittsburg, below the bridge. I think' 
there were as many as thirty. 

12. You will see by the map that 
two rivers come'into the Ohio river at 
Pittsburg. The one on the south side 
is called the Monongahela and the 
one on the north side is called the Al¬ 
leghany. These two rivers form the 
Ohio river at Pittsburg. The steam¬ 
boats that I saw at the landing go 
down the Ohio river to Cincinnati, 
Louisville, and New-Orleans. 

13. From Pittsburg I went in a 
north-eastern direction, through Wil¬ 
liamsport and Wilkesbarre, to Eas¬ 
ton. Oh! I had a long and hard 
journey in going from Pittsburg to the 
Delaware river. Easton is a thriving 
place. 


WRITING. 



SPELLING. 

Pennsylvania is 300 miles long and 160 broad ; containing 44,000 square 
miles. 






FIRST BOOK OF GEOGRAPHY. 


43 


STATE OF NEWJERSEY. 


READING. 


1. Little John the Traveller speaks. 
If you look at my map two pages back 
you will see Trenton represented by a 
little square on the Delaware river, 
and the road leading from Easton to 
Trenton is the same on which I trav¬ 
elled in my former journey througli the 
United States. Trenton is -an old 
town, and is the capital of the state of 
New-Jersey. Large and fine steam¬ 
boats run from Philadelphia to Tren¬ 
ton every day. I admired the bridge 
across the Delaware river at Trenton, 
for it is large and strong. 


2. From Trenton I went across the 
country to New-Brunswick. There I 
saw other fine steam-boats ready to 
take passengers to New-York. I 
counted 5 churches and several pub¬ 
lic buildings in New-Brunswick, be¬ 
sides the college. 

3. I then went in a north-eastern 
direction through Newark to New- 
York. 

4. I was very glad to get back to 
New-York after being absent nearly a 
year. 


WRITING. 

I 

I 

I' SPELLING. 

. ? 

New-Jersey is 150 miles long, from the extreme north point to the south end, 
with a medium width of about 50, containing 7,500 miles square. 


I will now give you the names of all the states and territories, according to 
their divisions, so that you may remember wdiere I have been. 

NEW-ENGLAND STATES. 

Maine, New-Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut and Rhode- 
Island. 


MIDDLE STATES. 

New-York, New-Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware and Maryland. 
SOUTHERN STATES. 

Virginia, North-Carolina, South-Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, 
and Louisiana. 

WESTERN STATES. 

Tennessee, Kentucky, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Missouri. 

TERRITORIES. 

' Florida, Arkansas, Missouri, North-West Territory, District of Columbia, 
Michigan. 








44 


FIRST BOOK OF GEOGRAPHY. 



READING, 


1. Little John the Traveller speaks. 
My dear children, we have now com¬ 
pleted our journey through the United 
States. We visited the capital of each 
state in connexion with other towns. 

2. If you will now begin at the 
capital of the state in which you live, 


and follow the road on this map to all 
the other state capitals, until you come 
around to the place where you started, 
and read all the names as you go 
along, I will soon meet you again, and 
take another interesting journey to 
see the country. 


SPELLING. 

There are 24 states and 5 territories in the union, as shown by the above 
map. 





















FIRST BOOK OF GEOGRAPHY. 


PART SECOND. 

The maps on the following pages are designed for reviewing those contained in Part First. 
For this purpose the names are omitted. 


DIRECTIONS FOR STUDYING PART SECOND. 

First. Attend to the questions, and require the pupil to find upon the map the place 
referred to in each question. This will test his knowledge of the subject and show whether 
he learned his lessons properly. It is applying the theory to practice. 

If the pupil should be unable to answer any question, let him turn to the full map and there 
obtain the answer.. 

In attending to a large class at once, the teacher should place himself in such a position as 
to be able tq see where each pupil points in answering the questions which require that exer¬ 
cise. Great care should be taken to see that every'scholar points to the right place. The 
teacher may turn to the full map, m Part First, corresponding with the blank one, and there 
find the answer to each question if he does not recollect what it is.. 

Second. The paragraphs under the head of “ Reading, Spelling and Writing,” 
should be read by the pupil and then written. This will be a useful exercise in writing and 
spelling, and serve to impress upon the mind the facts therein given. , 






46 


FIRST BOOK OF GEOGRAPHY. 



I 


I 




I 


For a full map of Vermont, see page 4. 

QUESTIONS. 


1. What does the above map represent ? 

2. What lake is that in the north-west part 

of the map ? 

3. Where is the Connecticut river ? 

4. What mountains are those running through 

the state of Vermont ? 

5. Which of the little circles on the map 

represents Montpelier ? 


6. Which shows the location of Burlington ? 

7. Which is made for St. Albans ? 

8. Which for Bennington ? 

9. Which for Rutland ? 

10. Which for Windsor ? 

11. Which for Middlebury ? 


, READING, SPELLING AND WRITING.* 

The most of the land in Vermont presents an uneven surface, and some 
parts are very rough and mountainous. 

♦ See the directions in page 45. 

















FIRST BOOK OF GEOGRAPHY. 


47 


I 



QUESTIONS. 


1. What does the above map represent ? 

2. What mark represents Concord ? 

3. Which circle stands for Portsmouth ? 

4. Which for Dover ? 


5. Which for Keene ? 

6. Which for Charlestown ? 

7. Where is Haverhill ? 

8. What river does Concord stand 


READING, SPELLING AND WRITING. 

The surface in the south part of the state of New-Hampshire is 
and that in the north part is very rough. 


on ? 


uneven. 











48 


FIRST BOOK OF GEOGRAPHY, 




'1 

i; 


QUESTIONS. 

5. What circle stands for Bangor ? 

6. Where is Eastport ? 

7. Which circle stands for Castine ? 

8. Which for York ? 

9. Which for Portland ? 

10. Where is Wiscasset ? 



READING, SPELLING AND WRITING. 

The north part of Maine is very rough, and but few settlements have been 
made there. The south part is well improved, except some places back from 
the rivers. 


1. What state does this map represent ? 

2. Does it represent all the state ? 

3. What circle shows where Augusta 

stands ? 

4. What town is that represented on the 

Kennebeck river, north-west of Augusta ? 





















FIRST BOOK OF GEOGRAPHY. 


49 



QUESTIONS. 


1. What does the above map represent ? 

2. What large bay is that bordering on the 

east part of Massachusetts ? 

3. AVhat cape is that in the southern part 

of Massachusetts bay ? 

4. Where is Boston ? 

5. Which of the circles m this map repre¬ 

sents Lowell ? 

6. Which stands for Salem ? 

7. Which for Worcester ? 

8. Which for Northampton ? 

9. W’hich for Springfield ? 

10. Where is Edgartown? 


11. Where is Plymouth ? ' 

12. Which island is called Nantucket ? 

13. Which is IVIartha’s Vineyard? 

14. Where is Taunton ? Greenfield ? and 

Lenox ? 

15. What large river is that which runs 

through the state of Massachusetts 
from north to south ? 

16. What place is the capital of Massachusetts? 

17. When you speak of the capital of a state, 

you mean the place where the mem¬ 
bers of the legislature meet, do you 
not ? 


READING, SPELLING AND WRITING. 

The eastern part of Massachusetts has an undulating surface, pleasantly 
diversified with hills and vallies. The extreme south-eastern part, along the 
coast, is sandy. That part of the state lying west of the Connecticut river^ 
is, generally hilly, and in some places, mountainous. 














50 


ilRST BOOK OF GEOGRAPHY, 



For a full map of Connecticut and Rhode-Island, see page 14. 


QUESTIONS. 


2 . 


3 . 


1. What part of this map is called Connecti¬ 
cut ? 

What sound is that south of the state of 
Connecticut ? 

What large island is that south of Long 
Island sound ? 

4. What island is that south of Rhode-Island 

state ? 

5. What mark on the map represents Hartford? 

6. Where is Nevv-Haven ? 

7. What little circle represents New-London ? 

8. Which points out Litchfield ? 

9. What river does Hartford stand on ? 

10. Where is Fairfield ? 


11. What circle represents Brooklyn ? 

12. Where is Tolland ? 

13. What large river is that running through' 

Massachusetts and Connecticut ? 

14. What part of the map represents Rhode-^ 

Island ? 

15. Where is Providence ? 

16. Where is Newport ? 

17. What state bounds Rhode-Island on the 

north and east ? 

18. What ocean is that on the south side ofj 

Rhode-Island ? 

19. What state bounds Rhode-Island on the 

west ? 


1 

le 

1 


READING, SPELLING AND WRITING. 

\ 

Rhode-Island and Connecticut, which are represented by the above map,'; 
have an uneven surface generally; though there is considerable flat and rich! 
land along the coast and rivers., The uplands are not so productive as thej 
river bottoms. The hills are usually rocky. | 
































FIRST BOOK OF GEOGRAPHY, 


51 


For a full map, of Nevv-York, see page 16. 

aUESTIONS. 



1 . What country lies adjoining New-York 

state on the north and north-west ? 

2. What large river is that running north¬ 

east from I.ake Ontario ? 

3. What lake is that on the north-east side 

of the state of New-York ? 

4. What large river is that which runs south 

through the eastern part of New-York 
state ? 

5. What city stands at the mouth of the 

Hudson river ? 


6. Where is Albany ? 

7. On which side of the Hudson river is 

Troy ? 

8. Where is Schenectady ? 

9. What circle represents Utica ? 

10. Where is Rochester ? 

11. Where is Canandaigua? 

12. What lake does Buffalo stand on? 

13. What city is the capital of the state of 

New-York? 


READING, SPELLING AND WRITING. 

The eastern section of the state of New-York is hilly, but the western part 
is level and affords some of the best land that can be found in the country. 
Large quantities of wheat are raised near the great lakes. 






















I'* QO 


52 


FIRST BOOK OF GEOGRAPHY. 



QUESTIONS. 


1. What does the above map represent ? 

2. What lake bounds Ohio on the north ? 

3. What large river forms the boundary line 

of Ohio on the south ? 

4. There is a black line running through the 

state, on the map, from Lake Erie to 
the Ohio ; what does it represent ? 

5. What mark represents Columbus, the cap¬ 

ital of the state of Ohio ? 

6. What circle shows where the city of Cin¬ 

cinnati is located ? 

. What part of the state is Cincinnati in ? 

. Where is Chillicothe ? 


9. What canal is Chillicothe on ? 

10. Where is Dayton ? 

11. Where is Cleaveland ? 

12. What lake is it on ? ^ 

13. What circle represents Zanesville ? 

14. Which shows the location of Steuben¬ 

ville ? 

15. What part of the state is Portland in? 

16. Where is Portsmouth situated ? 

17. Which is the largest city in the state of 

Ohio ? 

18. Where is Circleville ? 


READING, SPELLING AND WRITING. 

The land in the state of Ohio is generally level, and very productive. It is 
said to be as rich as any in the world. Prairies are interspersed with the 
wood land. They are covered with grass, naturally. 


















(N O I" 


FIRST BOOK OF GEOGRAPHY. 


53 


For a full map of the above States, see page 2i. 

QUESTIONS. 



1. What part of this map represents the 
state of Indiana ? 

What state bounds Indiana on the east ? 
What river is that running along on the 
south side of Ohio and Indiana ? 

What mark represents Indianapolis, the 
capital of Indiana ? 

Where is Madison ? 

. What part of the state is Vincennes in ? 

. Where is T^a Fayette ? 

8. What part of the map represents the 

south part of Michigan Territory ? 

9. Where is Detroit ? 

10, What two states bound Michigan on the 

south ? 

11. There is a part of a lake represented on 

the west side of Michigan ; what is it 
called ? 


12. What part of the map is made for the 

state of Illinois ? Trace it. 

13. What state bounds Illinois on the east ? 

14. What great river is that on the west side 

of Illinois ? 

15. Where is Vandalia, the capita! of the 

state of Illinois? 

16. What do those little dotted spots between 

Chicago and Springfield represent ? 

17. What circle points out Kaskaskia ? 

18. Which shows the location of Chicago ? 

19. Where is Albion ? 

20. What part of the map shows the eastern 

section of Missouri ? 

21. What mark shows the location of .Tef- 

ferson, the capital of the slate ot 
Missouri ? 

22. Which circle points out St. Louis. 


READING, SPELLING AND WRITING- 

The above map represents the AVestern States. The land is principally 
level, and very productive. 

5 * ‘ . 





























54 


FIRST BOOK OF GEOGRAPHY. 



QUESTIONS. 


1. What part of the above map represents 

Kentucky ? 

2. What river separates Kentucky from Illi¬ 

nois, Indiana, and Ohio ? 

S. What river separates Kentucky from the 
state of Missouri ? 

4 . Where is Frankfort, the capital of the 

state of Kentucky ? 

5. Where is Louisville, the largest town in 

Kentucky ? 

6. Where is Lexington ? 

7 . What part of the map points out Ten¬ 

nessee ? 

8. Where is Nashville, the capital of the state 

of Tennessee ? 

9. Where is Knoxville ? 


10. What state bounds Tennessee on the 

north ? f 

11. What river bounds Tennessee on the 

west ? 

12. The above map represents part of Ohio, 

Kentucky, Tennessee, Indiana, Illi¬ 
nois and Missouri, which are called 
the western states. Where is Mis¬ 
souri ? 

13. What part of the map shows Indiana ? 

14. Where is Illinois ? Trace it. 

15. What states does the Ohio river run be¬ 

tween ? 

16. What states does the Mississippi river 

run between ? 

17. Which is the largest state, Indiana or 

Illinois ? 


READING, SPELLING AND WRITING. 

The face of the country in the eastern part of Kentucky and Tennessee, is 
mountainous ; but the land bordering on the Ohio, Mississippi, Cumberland 
and Tennessee rivers, is flat and fertile. 








/ 


FIRST BOOK OF GEOGRAPHY. 


55 



For a full map of the above states, see page 30. 


QUESTIONS. 


1. What part of this map is designed to show 

Arkansas Territory ? 

2. Where is Arkopolis, the capital of Ar¬ 

kansas ? 

3. What part of the map represents Louisiana ? 

4. Where is Natchitoches ? 

5. What circle represents New Orleans ? the 

capital of Louisiana ? 

6. What mark points out Donaldsonville ? 

7. Which side of the Mississippi river is the 

state of Mississippi located ? 

8. Where is Jackson, the capital of the state 

of Mississippi ? 

9. Where is the state of Alabama ? 

10. What mark represents Tuscaloosa, the 

capital of the state of Alabama ? 


11. Where is Mobile ? 

12. What state bounds Alabama on the W'est ? 

13. What state bounds Alabama on the north ? 

14. What gulf south of Alabama ? 

15. What part of the map represents Florida 

territory ? 

16. What mark points nut Tallahasse, the 

capital of Florida ? 

17. What is the name of that state in the 

east part of the map ? 

18. Where is Milledgeville, the capital of 

the state of Georgia ? 

19. What circle represents Savannah ? 

20. Where is Augusta ? 

21. Where is St. Mary’s? - 


READING, SPELLING AND WRITING. 

The face of the country, in the states represented by the above map, is 
generally level; though in the upper parts of Georgia, Alabama and Missis¬ 
sippi, near the head waters of the rivers, the land presents an undulating or 
rolling surface. There is a great deal of flat and marshy ground, along the 
coast of the Gulf of Mexico. : , 






















ti h3 


56 


FIRST BOOK OF GEOGRAPHY 


I 



aUESTIONS. 


1. What part of this map represents South- 
Carolina ? Trace it. 

. What part of the state is Charleston in ? 

. Where is Colum])ia, the capital of the 
state of South-Carolina ? 

.4. What circle represents Camden ? 

5. What state bounds South-Carolina on the 

south-west ? 

6. What ocean on the south-east of South- 

Carolina ? 

7. Where is North-Carolina ? Trace the 

boundary lines of the state ? 

8. What mark shows the location of Raleigh ? 

9. Where is Fayetteville ? 

10. Where is Edenton? 


11. Where is Newbern ? 

12. What state lies bordering on the south 

side of North-Carolina ? 

13. What ocean on the east of North-Caro¬ 

lina ? 

14. What part of the map represents Vir¬ 

ginia ? Trace it. 

15. Where is Richmond, the capital of the 

state of Virginia ? 

16. What part of the state is Norfolk in ? 

17. Which is the largest, Virginia oi North- 

Carolina ? 

IS. ITow much larger do you think it is ? 

19. Which is the largest, North-Carolina or 
South-Carolina ? 


READING, SPELLING AND WRITING. 

The face of the country in the statea above represented, is principally level 
and sandy along the coast. " ^ j 












FIRST BOOK OF GEOGRAPHY. 


57 



QUESTIONS. 

1. Where is Washington city ? I 3. Where is Alexandria ? 

2. Where is Georgetown ? 1 4, AV'hat river does Washington stand on ? 



QUESTIONS. 


1. What circle represents Baltimore ? 

2. Where is Annapolis situated ? 

8. What river is Cumberland on ? 

4. Where is Hagerstown ? 

5. What circle represents Fredericktown ? 

6. W’^hat state bounds Maryland on the south ? 

7. What great bay in Maryland ? 


8. What part of the map represents Dela¬ 

ware state : 

9. What mark represents Dover, the capi¬ 

tal of the state of Delaware ? 

10. What circle points out the location of 

Wilmington ? 

11. Where is New-Castle ? 


READING, SPELLING AND WRITING. 

Delaware, Maryland and the District of Columbia contain considerable low 
and alluvial land. 






























58 


FIRST BOOK OF^ GEOGRAPHY. 



For a full map of Pennsylvania and New-Jersey, see page 41 


QUESTIONS. 


1. What part of this map represents the 
' state of Pennsylvania ? Trace its 
boundary lines. 

5. Where is the city of Philadelphia, the 
largest city in the state ? > 

3. Where is Reading ? 

4. What mark represents Harrisburg, the 

capital of the state of Pennsylvania ? 

5. What river is it on ? 

6. Where is York ? 

7. Where is Chambersburg ? ' 

S. What part of the state is Pittsburg in ? 

9. What two rivers form the Ohio at Pitts¬ 
burg ? 

10. Where is Easton ? 


11. What river is Easton and Philadelphia 

on ? 

12. What state bounds Pennsylvania on the 

south ? 

13. What part of the map represents New- 

Jersey ? 

14. What mark represents Trenton, the cap¬ 

ital of the state of New-Jersey ? 

15. Where is New-Brunswick ? 

16. Where is Newark ? 

17. What state bounds New-Jersey on the 

west ? 

18. What ocean lies east of New-Jersey ? 

19. Which is the largest, New-Jersey or 

Pennsylvania ? 


READING, SPELLING AND WRITING. 

The Alleghany mountains divide the state of Pennsylvania into two parts, 
called Eastern and Western Pennsylvania. The south-east part of the state 
bordering on the states of Delaware and New-Jersey, affords much excellent 
land. With the exception of that section, and the alluvial flats, along the 
rivers, the state of Pennsylvania is mountainous or hilly. New-Jersey is 
principally level, and contains some good land. A great deal of the state is 
composed of a sandy soil. 












FIRST BOOK OF GEOGRAPHY. 


59 




i 



Fora full map of the United States, see page 44, 


QUESTIONS. 


1. What large lake bounds the United States 

on the north ? 

2. What ocean on the east of the U. States ? 

3. What gulf on the south ? 

4. What large river runs through the West¬ 

ern States from north to south ? 

5. The United States extend to the Pacific 


ocean on the west, and could not be 
shown on this map; but a part of all the 
states and territories west of the Missis¬ 
sippi river are represented here : what 
are they ? 

6. Point to each state and tell what the name 
of its capital is. 


READING, SPELLING AND WRITING. 


The face of the country in the Northern and Eastern States is principally 
hilly, and in some places it is mountainous. In the Southern and Western 
States it is mostly level, or gently undulated. 


























60 


FIRST BOOK OF GEOGRAPHY. 


NAMES OF THE STATES ABBREVIATED ACCORDING TO TH 

RULES OF THE GENERAL POST OFFICE. 


Maine,. 

. . Me. 

New-Hampshire, . . 

. . N. H. 

Vermont, . 

. . Vt. 

Massachusetts, . . . 

. . Ms. 

Rliode-Island, . . . . 

. . R. I. 

Connecticut, .... 

. . Ct. 

New-York,. 

. . N. Y. 

New-Jersey, .... 

. . N. J. 

Pennsylvania, .... 

. . Pa. 

Delaware,. 

. . De. 

Maryland, . . ^ . . . 

. . Md. 

District of Columbia, . 

. . D. C. 

Virginia,. 

. . Va. 

North-Carolina, . . . 

. . N. C. 


South-Carolina, .... 

. . S. 

Georgia,. 

. . Ga 

Florida Territory, . . 

. . FI. 

Alabama,. 

. . Al. 

Mississippi, .... 

. . Mi 

Louisiana,. 

. . La 

Arkansas Territory, . . 

. . Ar 

Tennessee,. 

. . Te 

Kentucky,. 

. . Kj 

Ohio,. 

. . 0. 

Michigan,. 

. . Mi 

Indiana,. 

. . la. 

Illinois,. 

. . 11. 

Missouri,. 

. . M. 






































i 



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I 

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1 


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1 



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